In international arbitration, as in English civil litigation, a fact witness typically gives her evidence in chief in the form of a written witness statement. The witness later appears at the ...

International arbitration hearings are primarily about cross-examination. Direct testimony, both from fact witnesses and experts, almost always comes from written statements or reports presented by ...

Despite having broad case management powers in respect of trial witness statements that do not comply with the procedural rules, judges are notably unwilling to impose the more draconian sanctions ...